Slide 25 of 28
Part 4 — PreventionSlide 25
Slide 25 · Mitigation 7
MIT 07
Circuit breakers — halt execution automatically when something looks wrong

Implement automated circuit breakers that pause or terminate agent execution when predefined anomaly thresholds are crossed — without waiting for human review. Circuit breakers are the last automated line of defense: they operate at the speed of the agent, not the speed of a human approver.

Define triggers: an agent accessing more than N external domains in a single session; an agent making outbound data transfers above a size threshold; an agent calling a tool it has never called before; an agent whose action sequence deviates significantly from its task description; a sub-agent returning output that contains instruction-like patterns directed at the orchestrator.

Circuit breakers are most valuable in multi-agent pipelines (Scenario 06) where a hijack can propagate upward through the system before any human sees it. Implement them at each pipeline boundary: before an orchestrator acts on a sub-agent's output, before any agent makes an outbound network call, and before any agent writes to a persistent data store. When a circuit breaks, log the full context — the triggering action, the content that preceded it, and the agent's current goal state — and route it for human review.

Circuit breakers interrupt legitimate workflows when thresholds are set too aggressively — and miss attacks when thresholds are too permissive. Tuning them requires understanding normal agent behavior deeply. For Scenario 09 (gradual drift), no single action crosses a threshold; the pattern only becomes visible in aggregate, which circuit breakers typically don't track across sessions.

One line to remember

An agent that can be stopped is an agent that can be recovered. Design every agentic system with a kill switch that doesn't ask the agent for permission.

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